gobierno militar estadounidense (13. 451)

With the formal withdrawal of the caretaker military government of the United States on this day in 1902 and the constitution, in part dictated and amended with several riders and preconditions, drawn up the previous year, the Republic of Cuba declared its independence with Tomás Estrada Palma, formerly the leader of the revolutionary junta of La República de Cuba en Armas that fought to free itself from Spanish rule prior to the invention of William McKinley’s Spanish-American war, with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbour a catalyst for the conflict—blamed on Spanish loyalists but likely upon reexamination due to a boiler accident—which resulted in the annexation of Cuba and the Philippines, taking office as the first president. Before the constitution was enacted, the Platt amendment was incorporated, with seven articles primarily stipulating that Cuba would lease America land for naval stations and coal mining activities, not allow any other foreign powers the same privileges, and for the US to intervene unilaterally in domestic affairs of the island in order to protect business interests and the expatriate population, though the limits of this intervention were never defined, in exchange for the departure of US troops and ensuring that the segregationist policies of the occupation would be lifted. Two years into his second term in 1906, Estrada Palma and his cabinet resigned without appointing a successor, allowing the US to retake control as an occupying force under the arrangement of the Platt amendment lasting until 1909 when a government sympathetic to American sensibilities could be installed.