zoom-out (13. 935)

In an annual worldwide competition established with a more local focus, to make the Tuscan city and environs the international capital of photography (previously), the Siena Drone Photo Awards once again delivers with a rather incredible gallery of submissions that express narratives not seen at ground level, requiring a thousand foot view, often revealing the inappreciable effects of human industry on the natural environment or the scale of said markets. Like the overall winner captured in Bangladesh of a beached salvage operation, this other runner-up image of ferries in Dhaka, from George Steinmetz, in contrast to the country’s shipbreaking remit, as thousands take to the waterways surrounding the capital to return home for Eid al-Adha (বকরি ঈদ, honouring Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his own son at God’s command—Ishmael may have been saved by the divine intervention of an angel delivering a goat in his stead or that happier ending may be the latter insertion of a pious fiction, God replacing this fail-son with the more righteous Isaac—stones are cast at Satan for trying to convince the patriarch otherwise) celebrations, the deck of the barges filled with vivid patchwork of travellers and their belongings.

mother tongue (13. 200)

Established by UNESCO in 1999 in honour of the 1952 movement of East Bengal to have their language recognised as official rather than provincial and leading to the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh from the Pakistani territories, the United Nations annual observance of International Mother Language Day is established to promote worldwide linguistic and cultural diversity as well as polyglotism. Al Jazeera presents and overview of the spoken languages of the world, writing systems and the status of many minority languages, including diglossia between officialdom and convention and endangered ones—forty percent of the estimated seven-thousand extant ones. Defined as when parents-users begin to pass on a more dominant parlance to their children, threatening proficiency and identity, most are in Oceania, Asia and Africa, including some on their way to a come-back owing to community-led revitalisation programmes like Yugambeh of Australia (the exonym meaning “no means no” and preferring the endonym Mibanah for “the sound of eagles”), the Ainu language of Japan’s indigenous peoples (an isolate considered to be functionally extinct) and the moribund Kernowek language of Cornwall. In the spirit of the observance, adopt a word from one of these languages.