the washington conversations on internal peace and security (12. 663)

Formally convened as the above, the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, held at a historic estate in Georgetown—bequeathed to Harvard four years prior by the wealthy diplomat couple who owned the property that was originally a land-grant of Queen Anne to the colonies and later residence of vice president John C Calhoun, began on this day in 1944, running until 7 October. Organised and led by the so called Four Policemen, a post-war council consisting of allied powers of the United States, the United Kingdom, the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union and a term popularised by FDR as a guarantor for world peace by keeping order within their respective spheres of influence—Britain within its Empire and western Europe, China in East Asia, Russia for Eurasia and America for the western hemisphere, the summit sought to establish a successor infra-national governing body to succeed the League of Nations, would led to the formation of the United Nations in 1945. The role of the Policemen as sheriffs and an executive body administering over its constituent member nations was ultimately scaled back by critics of such hegemony and potential polarisation and paternalising scaled back with France included as a permanent member of the UN security council at the insistence of Churchill, whilst America’s nomination of Brazil was rejected. As the Soviets were unwilling to meet with the Chinese during initial talks, the conversations were held in two phases. Though China and the USSR (constituent republics like Belarus and Ukraine were made voting members of the general assembly) were not afforded the chance to champion regional seconds, the five permanent members of the rotating council secured veto powers, as was first proposed in Yalta (see above) and finalised in the San Francisco Charter that established the UN.