horse

Though first synthesised as diamorphine twenty years earlier by an English chemist trying to distil perceived beneficial affects from opium without the need for cultivation or the deleterious side-effects and consequences for Empire, the experiment led nowhere and only popularised once it was independently rediscovered by pharmacist Felix Hoffmann (see also) on this day in 1896, working for the Bayer concern in Elberfeld and assigned the task of creating codeine as a less potent and less addictive substitute for morphine.  Instead of diminishing the strength and habit-forming nature, however, efficacy increased two and a half fold with the new formula. The head of the research and development department described it as heroisch and coined the drug name heroin from the Greek root, marketed under the trademark Heroin until 1910 as a cough suppressant. The 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act stopped the sale of it as an over-the-counter medication and required a doctor’s prescription. The Health Committee of the League of Nations banned the substance in 1925, though it took more than three years more until the prohibition became enforceable, Bayer having lost the trademark rights to heroin—as well as aspirin, under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.