aperitif or alcohol-spectrum

Championing a national drink generally amounts to the exclusion of other equally distinct and fine products, like wines and other spirits, however, there are usually interesting connections and a story behind how one liquor, rather than another, came to be identified with one country and region. Greek ouzo and Italian grappa and sambuca are different branches, essentially, of the distillation experiments undertaken by monks on Mount Athos in the 1300s, although the idea of fermenting an elixir, brandy out of the leftovers of wine-making has far more ancient roots and traditions.

The anise-flavoured spirits themselves gained broader popularity and became firmly established in the early 1900s, after the ban on Swiss Absinthe, whose bad reputation was mostly undeserved but left a gaping opportunity for other competitors.

plum-pudding or deus ex machina

Scientists have a dislike for the popular designation for the theorized Higgs boson. God particle (Gottesteilchen) sounds way too hyperbolic but the name stuck after a physicist and science journalist penned a lengthy and publically accessible book about the elusive Higgs boson and the non-scientist editor had to find a good, catchy title for his work. The authors and fellow researchers exclaimed several times throughout the manuscript why can’t we find that goddamned (gottverdammt) particle and the editor settled on entitling the 1993 book The God Particle.

Should subsequent findings hold up, it of course would not be an insignificant discovery, reaffirming the model that most physicists believe describes the properties and relations among the menagerie of sub-atomic particles. Most quarks and other exotic constituents were undiscovered, theoretical entities that were initially unproven but were hypothesized and whose existence was necessary so that the mobile construction of their model hung together. One by one, other particles revealed themselves and the Higgs boson was among the last stubborn hold-outs. That the microcosm functions in an intelligible and predictable way certainly lends support to human comprehension, and though maybe not so grandiose and omnipotent as its nick-name (Spitzname) suggests, the experimentation and study does not just validate theory—the role of the Higgs boson, as described by the Standard Model, accounts for why matter has mass, in the observable way things fall to the floor and galaxies hand together as an inherent quality, universal and unaffected by how much energy one puts into or takes away from a system. Should we manage to isolate (I am cautiously excited, just remembering the popular media reports about superluminal particles detected in another CERN experiment that were discredited) such a force-bearer, I am not sure what we could do with it—before the electron was identified experimentally as a part of the atom in 1897, there was certainly electricity that could be harnessed and exploited. Maybe no one hailed this discovery at the time. I doubt, however, there would have been the advances in electronics without understanding the mechanics of the electron.

today’s episode brought to you by the letters GOOG

My thanks to all regular and chance visitors for their continued patronage. PfRC was not meant to generate traffic or revenue, rather just something for fun, but I was very excited nonetheless to get a check from Google’s AdSense programme. They really do pay, and it was thrilling to hold it in my hot little hand. What fills in the white spaces is a strangely thoughtful and personalized, though not prying and intrusive, process, and if one’s sponsors are somewhat lackluster then one only has oneself (and browsing habits) to blame. Some things defy commercialization, however.

statecraft

While I do not believe that German resistance to relaxing reform-measures or pooling debt was anything less than genuine and negotiations were not weighted by some calculated double-bluff, governments and eurocrats gained a way forward without and reached a deal precisely by being uncompromising. Merkel is a talented and clever individual, and I bet once the summit was over and everyone could relax their game-faces, she thought “wait a minute, did you see what I just did there?” Germany entered the conference firm on the position of not altering the stability and rescue mechanisms of the Fiskalpakt.

Eventually, however, Merkel conceded to allow troubled banks direct access to the funds (as Italy and Spain wanted), bypassing the rule that sovereign governments should only have these drawing-rights, which could be used, if they saw fit, to provide their banks with capital. With this allowance, however, Germany mandated the creation of an office to oversee the deportment of beneficiary financial institutions. This stipulation in turn addressed a point of inflexibility on the part of France. Without agreeing explicitly to a solidarity that is domestically unpopular, France expressed a willingness to not surrender national sovereignty to an EU governing board but rather the management of its banks. The agency charged with monitoring the banks is not based alongside the institutions in Brussels, Luxembourg or Strasbourg but rather incorporated into the EU’s Central Banking Authority, located in Frankfurt.