thaumatrope

From our infinitely engrossing antiquarian, JF Ptak Science Bookstore, not only do we learn the image for demonstrating the formation and oscillation of drops is the above titled optical toy or tool “wonder turner” that gives the illusion of motion and progression (see also here and here), moreover there is accidental poetry is addressing the airy gravity of the nature of bubbles and membranes. An excerpt from an early Nature article speaks to this: “He has studied the behaviour of big bubbles and of little ones, of bubbles in large and small tubes, of bubbles of air in a liquid, and of one liquid in another, of bubbles in heavy land in light liquids, of bubbles in liquids of various degrees of viscosity and with various degrees of surface tension at the surfaces.” Much more to explore at the link up top.

6x6

for ages eighteen plus: adult content next door 

cph-ø1: Copenhagen harbour floating parkipelago gets its first module  

dapper duds: older dogs dressed as senior human citizens to encourage adoption 

holes and slices: the Swiss cheese model risk management and loss prevention  

coandă effect: a drone stays aloft by taking advantage of the fluid dynamic tendency to stay attached to a convex surface—a principle used in hovercraft, the Avrocar, NOTARs, windshield cleaners, mitral regurgitators and ventilators  

for ages six and up: small bricks present a choking hazard

world freedom day

Rather presumptively first proclaimed by George W. Bush on this day in 2001 (sort of like rededicating Armistice Day as Veterans’ Day, also positing that the alternative was the right and only one)—reaffirmed by several US presidential administrations—as an homage to the idea that Ronald Reagan’s policies were solely responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the influence it held over central and eastern Europe as the anniversary of the opening of the Berlin Wall, though the commandeering of the holiday is not widely observed. Because the date coincides with Schicksalstag (the Day of Fate), witness to many pivotal events including the execution of liberal leader Robert Blüm which suppressed the democratic revolution of 1849, the abdication of the Kaiser following the November Revolution of 1918, Albert Einstein’s win of the Nobel Prize for physics in 1922, the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, the 1938 Reichspogromnacht which saw the large-scale destruction of Jewish property and of course the wall coming down (German reunification not celebrated on this day because of the prior associations). The German Sprachraum instead marks this day as Inventor’s Day—in homage to Austrian actor and Erfinderin Hedy Lamarr (*1914 - †2000) for her discovery of frequency hopping that led to cellular telephony and Bluetooth technology.

the mind-body problem

Pioneering experimental psychologist, physicist and philosopher who taught at the University of Leipzig and is considered the founder of the branch of study known as psychophysics—a hybrid discipline that researchers stimulation and perception—Gustav Theodor Fechner (*1801 – †1887) has been honoured on this day since 1985 by the academic community on this anniversary of Fechner awaking from a dream with an epiphany, an insight into the relationship between material and mental sensations that changed the course of scientific thinking.  

6x6

mega project: unrealised plans from the 1930s to divert the Thames and reclaim land in central London—via Things Magazine  

messiner effect: researchers achieve room-temperature super conductivity with a novel metallic hydrogen alloy—via Kottke 

crying wolf: a misinformation training exercise (see also) in Nova Scotia goes awry—via Super Punch  

sea of seven colours: a tour of a pristine island reserve off the coast of Colombia 

minuet: Коробейники was not Tetris’ only theme tune  

karlův most: deconstructing and rebuilding a fourteenth century bridge in Prague to span the Vltava

51 pegasi b

On this day in 1995 the discovery of the exoplanet by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the University of Geneva was announced in the journal Nature.

Though we now know the Cosmos is awash with worlds beyond our Solar System, this planet—provisionally named Bellerophon for the monster-slayer of Greek myth who captured and tamed Pegasus, namesake of its host constellation—officially designated Dimidium (Latin for half) can be described in current parlance as a hot Jupiter, a common class of planets but as this was the first one found orbiting another sun-like star (the first were discovered in 1992 though orbiting a pulsar and wholly ghostly and alien) it was given the name for its mass being half that of our largest world. The co-discoverers were awarded the Nobel prize in physics last year—nearly a quarter of a century afterwards.

7x7

reaction faces: a cavalcade of overly dramatic cats—via Miss Cellania’s Links

split infinitives: learning wild to verb

what the dormouse said: a virtual creation of Disneyland’s1958 “Alice in Wonderland” attraction

clandestine laboratory enforcement team: an assortment of rare US Drug Enforcement Agency mission patches

apparel appeal: a series of interventions to make fashion greener

outhouse: inclusive public facilities in Tokyo reference ancient, ambiguous spaces

supermarket sweep: an investigation into one of the more memorable duo’s of the game show—via Super Punch

scientific method: a feline physics experiment

gömböc

From the Hungarian diminutive form of sphere, this distinctive though not uniquely-shaped geometrical construct (see also) has like a Weeble (which wobble but they don’t fall down) or the bumps on the shell of a tortoise the property of righting itself and is defined—when sitting on a flat surface—as having one stable and one unstable point of equilibrium for resting and rocking.

bubble wand

For a few weeks now I had been wondering if creating a force field of soap bubbles or frothy foam might not disable viruses lingering in the air but fretted over the diversion of resources and efficacy versus the very real promoter of effective behavioural shifts in gamification and dressing up, accessorising—and while there still might be elements of window-dressing and gimmickry in some of these entrants in a sponsored competition, I liked how the idea was championed as a way to reframe hygiene in a society learning to deal and cope with COVID. Other honourable mentions included a clever doorbell that dispensed a dollop of hand sanitiser for arriving visitors, proposals for public washing-up stations and disinfectant doses encapsulated in a seaweed membrane so as not leave plastic litter. Learn more about the call for submission from Dezeen at the link above and get inspired yourself.

core values

Eventually reaching a depth of over twelve kilometres in 1989 when further drilling was suspended due to higher than expected temperatures, Soviet scientists commenced operations on the Kola Superdeep Borehole (Кольская сверхглубокая скважина) on the far northwestern peninsula on the Barents Sea on this day in 1970. Despite the impressive depth just barely surpassed by petroleum prospectors, the borehole only penetrated a third of the Earth’s crust—the thickness of the continental shelf ranging between thirty and seventy kilometers. Research continued until 1995 when the borewell was sealed and yielded surprising findings through this keyhole spelunking into the underground including the presence of water and fossil plankton some four miles down.

hr 6819

Building on their previous discoveries the European Southern Observatory (ESO) based in Chile has found a so called quiet black hole relatively quite nearby in a star system visible to the unaided eye, located somewhat ironically in the minor constellation of the southern celestial hemisphere called Telescopium.
One of the fourteen of the eighty-eight star formations credited to the astronomer and geographer Abbé Nicolas-Louis de la Caille (*1713 – †1762) who catalogued over ten thousand stars, Telescopium like many of the newly mapped groupings was named after contemporary tools and implements: a clock, a microscope, a chisel, navigation devices, etc. A thousand light years distant, the black hole is dark companion to a binary star system (QV Telescopii), its presence betrayed by its gravitational distortion of the orbiting pair, giving researchers the clues and tools to find more cryptic black holes in the neighbourhood. Learn more at the Universe Today at the link above.

8x8

universal forecast: a timeline of the far distant cosmological future—reminiscent of this montage

tico tico no fubá: dance along with Carmen Miranda—see also

and every product ‘neath your sink might be a medicine to drink: Randy Rainbow is a treasure and one has to respect the lightening quick turn-around

la brigata: revisiting Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron (1553) and how this self-isolating group’s efforts to stave off cabin fever speak to us

rainy day recess: lots of curated crafting projects and other art from Hazel Terry

bitte abstand halten: improvised signage in response to COVID-19 in Frankfurt am Main and beyond, via Pluralistic

thesixtyone.com: the seminal listicle on listicles from the gentle author himself

champagne supernova: the brilliance of chemical reactions up close

hst

Carried aloft by the Space Shuttle Discovery mission that launched on the day prior, the Hubble Space Telescope, namesake of Edwin Powell Hubble (*1889 - †1953) pioneering astronomer who established the discipline of observational cosmology—leading to the conclusion along with Georges Lemaître that the Universe is expanding—was successfully deployed into stable low Earth orbit on this day in 1990. Versatile and becoming a public-relations boon for space exploration and the sciences in general with its unprecedented imagery and succession of discoveries, its operators estimate it could remain in service another two decades at least with its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST, named for the NASA administrator that oversaw the Apollo programme), scheduled to be brought on-line in March 2021.

♐a*

Via Slashdot, we are learning that the complex, spirograph orbit of a star waltzing with the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, charted for over three decades by the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) array, confirms another aspect of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity (see previously), the Two-Body problem specifically, in the way the precariously placed star’s path inscribes a rosette, called a Schwarzschild precession, as the theory predicted—rather than an elliptical one as classical mechanics projects.

stay-puft

Of the over four-thousand confirmed exoplanets—with some five thousand candidates waiting in the wings—three of the strangest, most unexpected reside in the Kepler 51 system, located in the Cygnus constellation twenty-six hundred light years away and have been classified as super-puffs.
Gas giants with the same circumference as Jupiter, they have only about one percent of the density, their rarefied atmospheres beaten to an airy consistency. Astronomers cannot quite fathom why the planets have such characteristics—though one theory suggests that the apparent surface is an upwelling of dust driven by some equally novel geothermal reaction—but agree that novel systems such as these are good incubators for positing the range of possibilities for planetary composition.

mécanique celeste

Having so astounded the public at large and his peers within the scientific community with his spot-on prediction of not only the existence but location and general characteristics of the planet Neptune (it was proposed to make the planet’s symbol a monogram of the discoverer’s name rather than the trident ♆, prefiguring some of the controversy over the discovery of Pluto—♇—by Clyde Tombaugh to the consternation of wealthy patron Percival Lowell) using only mathematics and the observations of deviations of the orbit of Uranus counter to the laws of gravitational attraction as set forward by Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler, no one had any reason to doubt the proposition that famed astronomer Urbain Jean Joseph La Verrier (*1811 – †1877) put forward on this day in 1860, reporting that the perturbations in the procession of Mercury and Venus around the Sun (apsidal precession) required an explanation above and beyond classical Newtonian physics. Like with the Ptolemaic model of keeping up appearances, Le Verrier (with the consensus of the scientific community) logically invoked an intervening though purely hypothetical planet circling the Sun below Mercury—Vulcan (Vulcain, see previously here, here and here). In reality, Mercury’s strange observed behaviour needed not another celestial body to account for it but rather Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, formulated in 1915, vanquishing Vulcan by staking its reputation on predictions concerning occultation, planetary transit and the effect of gravitational lensing and finally confirmed in September 2015 with the detection of gravitational waves.

there’s plenty of room at the bottom

Delivered on this day in 1959 before an assembly of the members pf the American Physical Society at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena (see also), Richard Feynman’s (*1918 – †1988) lecture—subtitled “An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics” addressed the virtually limitless possibilities of miniaturisation and is heralded in retrospect as the birth of nanotechnology. A culmination of research, including though-experiments and practical demonstrations, Feynman’s intrigue was contagious as he pondered the ramifications of manipulating matter at atomic scales—creating incredibly dense circuitry, data-storage systems as well as vanishingly small mechanisms and medical interventions that were precision-controlled rather than relying on chemical processes that could be poorly grasped or might not work outside of the laboratory.
Though these motorized enzymes and ingestibles remained theoretical concepts and the bailiwick of science fiction until recently, the seminar ended with Feynman issuing a couple of challenges to his audience, the first of which were solved in very short order: the first thousand dollar payout came with the development of the first nanomotor the following year, the second—fitting the whole of the Encyclopædia Britannica on the head of a pin took a bit more time but its equivalent was finally accomplished in 1985

afterthought

On this day in 1966, three days after the discovery of a Cronian satellite (see previously) dubbed “Janus” by Audouin Dollfus, astronomer Richard Walker recorded a similar observation of what was then considered to be the same small moon, the scientific consensus at the time being that two objects could not share the same orbital pathway without colliding despite the fact that this interpretation meant that Janus was hurtling around Saturn much faster than is the case.

A dozen years later, more precise measurements resolved the observations to that of two distinct but co-orbital bodies, and because of this hindsight, the latter credited sighting was named Epimetheus—the twin of the Titan Prometheus associated with foresight. Whereas we might regard Prometheus as more heroic and selfless for daring to steal fire and the other civilising arts from the gods than his dumb brother, whom for unconscionable reasons was entrusted to hand out gifts from

 Pandora (all three also in that same constellation of satellites), as a consolation prize to make up for the fact that all other traits, strengths had been apportioned to other animals, it was sort of a thankless sacrifice (aside from it being a distinct lack of appreciating the consequences of his actions) Prometheus stood trial as was condemned to an eternity of suffering. Epimetheus, on the other hand, demonstrates that we are part of a larger, virtuous network and that dependency and social contracts are themselves strengths (in as much as is the leftover hope) and wound up marrying Pandora, whose daughter and son-in-law are the only humans to survive the flood when the gods decided ultimately to drown mankind. This inner satellite is also referred to as Saturn XI and its gravity and orbit help to define its hosts rings, shepherding rocky debris and dust in place.

roughly the kinetic energy of a well-pitched baseball

In operation from 1986 to 1993, the Fly’s Eye ultra-high-energy cosmic ray observatory in the desert of western Utah detected on this day in 1991 a particle whose excited state was off-the-charts with nothing remotely close ever seen again (see also), though similar subsequent events suggest that it is not a malfunction. This anomaly was dubbed the “Oh-My-God particle” (not to be confused with the God Particle) due to the wallop it packed. Though this probably does not sound like an astronomical amount, to take it in context, the importance of this reading begins to take shape.
The signal represented the energy carried by a single photon—as if a beam of light could nudge something aside, concentrated on one particle and represents something magnitudes stronger than any radiation measured from the gamma bursts of distant exploding galaxies (by some twenty million fold) and twice again as much as the CERN is able to create. The cosmic ray, to have attained the title heft, was propelled along at near the speed of light (one-sextillioneth shy—that is, nine-nine percent followed by twenty-one significant digits, short scale). Were it possible to boost the particle through the infinitesimal fraction, it would have the kinetic equivalent to the potential (chemical energy) of a small automobile on a full-tank of gasoline. The Oh-My-God particle and others approaching this class originate from the direction of the asterism Ursa Major though there is no consensus on the source.

find your hidden talent

H some times judges me for posting such things—which I assuredly deserve, but we enjoyed unapologetically indulging in this circumspective article from Pasa Bon! on the art and science (owing to friction and the Van der Waals force, discovered by a fellow Hollander—crucial for developing nanotechnology and for geckos walking on ceilings) of spoon hanging and subjects adjacent. Don’t let a perceived language barrier intimidate exploring the site further, since you’ll be pleasantly surprised by how much is universal and intuitive.